{"id":7251,"date":"2026-02-06T05:20:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T01:50:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filesoo.com\/blog\/?p=7251"},"modified":"2026-02-06T05:20:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T01:50:33","slug":"timothy-snyder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filesoo.com\/blog\/timothy-snyder","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='cnta1'>\n<div class='ainfo1'>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645(On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century) \u0648 68 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 : 433,661 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646: 4,802<\/div>\n<div class='imgc1'>\n                <a href='https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/author\/show\/243930.Timothy_Snyder' target='_blank' title='Timothy Snyder author of On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century' rel='nofollow noreferrer'><br \/>\n                    <img src='https:\/\/filesoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/243930._UX400_CR037400400_RO75125525525525525525516.jpg' title='\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 Timothy Snyder \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 <strong>On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 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\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0637\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 On Tyranny&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 <a href=\"http:\/\/timothysnyder.org\/\">timothysnyder.org<\/a> \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/TimothyDSnyder\">@TimothyDSnyder<\/a> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 Goodreads (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/author\/show\/243930.Timothy_Snyder\">Timothy Snyder<\/a>) \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e 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&#8220;\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/strong> \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc &#8220;\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f On Tyranny&#8221; \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06af\u0634\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center; margin:20px 0;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/filesoo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/243930._UX400_CR037400400_RO75125525525525525525516.jpg\" alt=\"Timothy Snyder\">\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 <em>On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color:blue;\"><strong>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #ccc; padding:10px; margin-top:20px;\">\n<h2>\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/author\/show\/243930.Timothy_Snyder\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc&#8221; \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc Timothy Snyder <\/h3>\n<div id='srcderails' style='direction:ltr;text-align:left'>\n<div class=\"cl_1\">\n<h2 class=\"cl_2\">\n<span class=\"cl_3\">Timothy Snyder<\/span><br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_4\">Website<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_5\">\n<a class=\"cl_6\">http:\/\/timothysnyder.org\/<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_7\">Twitter<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_8\">\n<a class=\"cl_9\">TimothyDSnyder<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_10\">Genre<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_11\">\n<a class=\"cl_12\">History<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_13\">Member Since<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_14\">August 2015<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"cl_15\">Timothy Snyder is Housum Professor of History at Yale University and a permanent fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences. He received his doctorate from the University of Oxford in 1997, where he was a British Marshall Scholar. He has held fellowships in Paris, Vienna, and Warsaw, and an Academy Scholarship at Harvard. His most recent book is <i class=\"cl_16\">Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning<\/i>, published in September 2015 by Crown Books. He is author also of <i class=\"cl_17\">Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin<\/i> (2010), a history of Nazi and Soviet mass killing on the lands between Berlin and Moscow. A New York Times bestseller and a book of the year according to The Atlantic, The Independent, The Financial Times, the Telegraph, and the New Statesman, it has won twelve awards including the Emerson Prize in the Humanities, a Literature Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the Leipzig Award for European Understanding, and the Hannah Arendt Prize in Political Thought.His other award-winning publications include <i class=\"cl_18\">Nationalism, Marxism, and Modern Central Europe: A Biography of Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz<\/i> (1998); <i class=\"cl_19\">The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999<\/i> (2003); <i class=\"cl_20\">Sketches from a Secret War: A Polish Artist&#8217;s Mission to Liberate Soviet Ukraine<\/i> (2005); <i class=\"cl_21\">The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of A Habsburg Archduke (2008), and <i class=\"cl_22\">Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin<\/i> (2010). Snyder helped Tony Judt to compose a thematic history of political ideas and intellectuals in politics, <i class=\"cl_23\">Thinking the Twentieth Century<\/i> (2012). He is also the co-editor of <i class=\"cl_24\">Stalin and Europe: Terror, War, Domination<\/i> and <i class=\"cl_25\">Wall Around the West: State Power and Immigration Controls in Europe and North America<\/i> (2001). Snyder was the recipient of an inaugural Andrew Carnegie Fellowship in 2015. He is a member of the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and sits on the advisory council of the Yivo Institute for Jewish Research Research.He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in modern East European political history.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cl_26\">\n<div class=\"cl_27\">\n<div class=\"cl_28\">On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century &#8211; 4.25 avg rating \u2014 80,246 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2017<br \/>\n              \u201499 editions<\/p>\n<h3>Timothy Snyder \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_29\">\n<div class=\"cl_30\">\n<div class=\"cl_31\">Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin &#8211; 4.39 avg rating \u2014 18,272 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2010<br \/>\n              \u2014101 editions<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_32\">\n<div class=\"cl_33\">\n<div class=\"cl_34\">The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America &#8211; 4.37 avg rating \u2014 9,875 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2018<br \/>\n              \u201460 editions<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 &#8211; \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_35\">\n<div class=\"cl_36\">\n<div class=\"cl_37\">On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century Graphic Edition &#8211; (Goodreads Author)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_38\">\n<div class=\"cl_39\">\n<div class=\"cl_40\">Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning &#8211; 4.29 avg rating \u2014 4,100 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2015<br \/>\n              \u20142 editions<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_41\">\n<div class=\"cl_42\">\n<div class=\"cl_43\">On Freedom &#8211; 4.33 avg rating \u2014 2,138 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2024<br \/>\n              \u201422 editions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_44\">\n<div class=\"cl_45\">\n<div class=\"cl_46\">Our Malady: Lessons in Liberty from a Hospital Diary &#8211; 4.15 avg rating \u2014 2,132 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2020<br \/>\n              \u20144 editions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_47\">\n<div class=\"cl_48\">\n<div class=\"cl_49\">The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569 &#8211; 1999 &#8211; 4.30 avg rating \u2014 995 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2003<br \/>\n              \u201425 editions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_50\">\n<div class=\"cl_51\">\n<div class=\"cl_52\">The Red Prince: The Fall of a Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Europe &#8211; 4.06 avg rating \u2014 799 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2008<br \/>\n              \u201443 editions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cl_53\">\n<div class=\"cl_54\">\n<div class=\"cl_55\">Sketches from a Secret War: A Polish Artist s Mission to Liberate Soviet Ukraine &#8211; 4.18 avg rating \u2014 74 ratings\u2014<br \/>\n                published<br \/>\n               2005<br \/>\n              \u20147 editions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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