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تعداد نتایج: 317

Biogeochemical Consequences of Climate-Driven Changes in the Arctic

By Adam Jerold Reed, Robyn E. Tuerena, Martin Solan, Philippe Archambault
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA, 2021-07-01
Pages: 149
Language: en
ISBN_13:9782889669677
ISBN_10:288966967X
Subject: Science

Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems

Report of a Workshop

جزئیات و درخواست

By National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Polar Research Board, Committee for the Workshop on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems
Publisher: National Academies Press, 2011-06-02
Pages: 86
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780309210874
ISBN_10:0309210879
Subject: Science

Climate-Driven Change of the Stand Age Structure in the Polar Ural Mountains

جزئیات و درخواست

By Valeriy Mazepa, Nadezhda Devi, Stepan Shiyatov
2011
Language: en
ISBN_10:9533074191
ISBN_13:9789533074191

Arctic Climate Change

The ACSYS Decade and Beyond

جزئیات و درخواست

By Peter Lemke, Hans-Werner Jacobi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011-11-22
Pages: 473
Language: en
ISBN_13:9789400720275
ISBN_10:9400720270
Subject: Science

Climate Governance in the Arctic

جزئیات و درخواست

By Timo Koivurova, E. Carina H. Keskitalo, Nigel Bankes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, 2010-03-12
Pages: 458
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781402095429
ISBN_10:1402095422
Subject: Law

Evaluating the Frequency, Magnitude, and Biogeochemical Consequences of Under-ice Phytoplankton Blooms

$The Arctic Ocean has changed substantially because of climate change. The loss of sea ice extent and thickness has increased light availability in the surface ocean during the ice-covered portion of the year. Sea ice loss has also been a factor in the observed increases in sea surface temperatures and likely impacts surface ocean nutrient inventories. These changing environmental conditions have substantially altered patterns of phytoplankton net primary production (NPP) across the Arctic Ocean. While NPP in the Arctic Ocean was previously considered insubstantial until the time of sea ice breakup and retreat, the observation of massive under-ice (UI) phytoplankton blooms in many of the Arctic seas reveals that the largest pulse of NPP may be produced prior to sea ice retreat. However, estimating how much NPP is generated during the UI part of the year is challenging, as satellite observations are hampered by sea ice cover and very few field campaigns have targeted UI blooms for study. This thesis uses a combination of laboratory experiments, biogeochemical modeling, and an analysis of satellite remote sensing data to better understand how the magnitude and spatial frequency of UI phytoplankton blooms has changed over time in the Arctic Ocean, as well as to assess the likely biogeochemical consequences of these blooms. In Chapter 2, I present a one-dimensional ecosystem model (CAOS-GO), which I used to evaluate the magnitude of UI phytoplankton blooms in the northern Chukchi Sea (72°N) between 1988 and 2018. UI blooms were produced in all but four years over that period, accounted for half of total annual NPP, and were the primary drivers of interannual variability in NPP. Further, I found that years with large UI blooms had reduced rates of zooplankton grazing, leading to an intensification of the mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. In Chapter 3, I used the same model configuration to investigate the role of UI bloom variability in controlling sedimentary processes in the northern Chukchi Sea. I found that, as total annual NPP increased from 1988 to 2018, there were increases in particle export to the benthos, nitrification in the water column and the sediments, and sedimentary denitrification. These increases in particle export to the benthos and denitrification were driven by higher rates of NPP early in the year (January-June) and were highest in years where under-ice blooms dominate, indicating the importance of UI NPP as drivers of these biogeochemical consequences. Additionally, I tested the system's sensitivity to added N, finding that, if N supply in the region increased, 30\% of the added N would subsequently be lost to denitrification. I subsequently deployed this model in the southern Chukchi Sea (68°N) to understand latitudinal differences in UI bloom importance across the region (Chapter 4). I found that UI blooms were far less important contributors to total NPP in the southern Chukchi Sea. Further, I found that their importance was waning over time; NPP generated in the UI period from 2013-2018 was only 34\% of the 1988-1993 mean. This lower rate of UI NPP was driven by a far shorter UI period as sea ice retreated nearly six weeks earlier than in the northern Chukchi Sea. However, low UI NPP was associated with higher rates of both total NPP and sedimentary denitrification in the southern Chukchi Sea than in the north. In Chapter 5, I used satellite remote sensing to determine how UI bloom frequency changed across the Arctic between 2003 and 2021. I found that UI blooms are a widespread feature and can be generated across 40\% of the observable seasonal sea ice zone in the Arctic Ocean. While there was an increase in observable area as sea ice retreated, there was no change in UI area, driving a nearly 10\% decline in the proportion of UI bloom prevalence. The Chukchi Sea was identified as both the region with the highest prevalence of UI blooms and the region most responsible for the decline in UI blooms. Finally, to understand the functional relationship between co-limiting light and nutrient conditions on phytoplankton growth, I conducted a laboratory experiment (Chapter 6). Phytoplankton growth under co-limiting conditions, which is frequently observed in the field, is often modeled using one of two functional relationships, but these relationships produce vastly different predictions of phytoplankton bloom magnitude. Although this laboratory experiment aimed to quantify the functional relationship of light and nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth, I faced challenges in quantifying the nitrogen (N) concentration and was unable to meaningfully distinguish between these two functional relationships. However, this work also demonstrated that there is little difference between these functional relationships in areas like the Arctic Ocean, where nutrient concentrations can be rapidly depleted, diminishing from non-limiting to scarce over just a few days. Together, the results of this dissertation suggest that UI phytoplankton blooms can substantially contribute to total NPP, drive reductions in food availability, and change the rate of nitrogen loss. However, this work also demonstrates that UI blooms, which have likely been an important source of NPP across the Arctic since at least the 1980s, are likely an ephemeral feature, with their prevalence likely to decline in coming years as sea ice retreat shifts earlier.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Courtney Michelle Payne
2023
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1390633225

Impacts of a Warming Arctic - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment

جزئیات و درخواست

By Susan Hassol, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2004-12-13
Pages: 146
Language: en
ISBN_10:0521617782
ISBN_13:9780521617789
Subject: Nature

Climate Change in the Arctic

An Indian Perspective

جزئیات و درخواست

By Neloy Khare
Publisher: CRC Press, 2022-03-14
Pages: 416
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781000545319
ISBN_10:1000545318
Subject: Science

Understanding Present and Past Arctic Environments

An Integrated Approach from Climate Change Perspectives

جزئیات و درخواست

By Neloy Khare
Publisher: Elsevier, 2021-08-20
Pages: 520
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780128230787
ISBN_10:0128230789
Subject: Science

Arctic Environment Variability in the Context of Global Change

جزئیات و درخواست

By Leonid P. Bobylev, Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev, Ola M. Johannessen
Publisher: Environmental Sciences, 2003-12-16
Pages: 558
Language: en
OTHER:UOM:39015060777615
Subject: Nature

The Arctic

A Barometer of Global Climate Variability

جزئیات و درخواست

By Neloy Khare, Rajni Khare
Publisher: Elsevier, 2021-06-22
Pages: 308
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780128237366
ISBN_10:0128237368
Subject: Science

Politics and Development in the North American Arctic

Examining the Regional Consequences of Climate Change

جزئیات و درخواست

By Roman S. Czarny, Magdalena Tomala, Iwona Wrońska
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing, 2021-09-01
Pages: 152
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781800437166
ISBN_10:1800437161
Subject: Political Science

Arctic Climate Impact Science

An Update Since ACIA

جزئیات و درخواست

By Martin Sommerkorn, Neil Hamilton
2008
Pages: 123
Language: en
ISBN_10:2880852897
ISBN_13:9782880852894
Subject: Arctic regions

Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate

An Ecophysiological Perspective

جزئیات و درخواست

By F. Stuart Chapin III, Robert L. Jefferies, James F. Reynolds, Gaius R. Shaver, Josef Svoboda
Publisher: Academic Press, 2012-12-02
Pages: 490
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780323138420
ISBN_10:032313842X
Subject: Science

Influence of Climate Change on the Changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic Conditions

جزئیات و درخواست

By Jacques Nihoul
Publisher: Springer, 2009-01-25
Pages: 236
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781402094606
ISBN_10:1402094604
Subject: Science

Arctic Climate Change

The ACSYS Decade and Beyond

جزئیات و درخواست

By Peter Lemke, Hans-Werner Jacobi
Publisher: Springer, 2011-11-30
Pages: 464
Language: en
ISBN_10:9400720289
ISBN_13:9789400720282
Subject: Science

Whither the Arctic Ocean?

Research, Knowledge Needs and Development en Route to the Ne...

جزئیات و درخواست

By Guillermo Auad, Marcel Babin, David A. Balton, Eddy C. Carmack, Robert W. Corell
Publisher: Fundacion BBVA, 2021-05-01
Pages: 264
Language: en
ISBN_13:9788492937820
ISBN_10:8492937823
Subject: Science

Media and the Politics of Arctic Climate Change

When the Ice Breaks

جزئیات و درخواست

By Miyase Christensen, Annika E. Nilsson, N. Wormbs
Publisher: Springer, 2013-10-31
Pages: 316
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781137266231
ISBN_10:1137266236
Subject: Social Science

Governing Arctic Change

Global Perspectives

جزئیات و درخواست

By Kathrin Keil, Sebastian Knecht
Publisher: Springer, 2016-12-09
Pages: 332
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781137508843
ISBN_10:1137508841
Subject: Political Science

Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems

جزئیات و درخواست

By Walter C. Oechel, Terry Callaghan, Tagir Gilmanov, Jarle I. Holten, Barrie Maxwell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012-12-06
Pages: 508
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781461222408
ISBN_10:1461222400
Subject: Science

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