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Policy Debates on Hydraulic Fracturing

Comparing Coalition Politics in North America and Europe

$This edited volume compares seven countries in North America and Europe on the highly topical issue of oil and gas development that uses hydraulic fracturing or “fracking.” The comparative analysis is based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and guided by two questions: First, in each country, what are current coalitions and the related policy output? Second, based on the current situation, what are the chances for future policy change? This book is the first to use a social science approach to analyze hydraulic fracturing debates and the first application of the ACF that is deliberately comparative. The contributions in this book advance our understanding about the formation of coalitions and development of public policy in the context of different forms of government and economically recoverable natural resources.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Christopher M. Weible, Tanya Heikkila, Karin Ingold, Manuel Fischer
Publisher: Springer, 2016-09-24
Pages: 288
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781137595744
ISBN_10:1137595744
Subject: Political Science

The Fracking Debate

Intergovernmental Politics of the Oil and Gas Renaissance, S...

$The disputes around fracking, and oil and gas policy, follow a long tradition of complicated intergovernmental relationships. Proponents argue that fracking supports new and well-paying jobs, revitalizes state and local economies, and that it can help replace reliance on other fossil fuels. Skeptics and opponents contend that oil and gas production via fracking contaminates air and water resources, causes earthquakes, and can ruin the character of many communities. Examining the intergovernmental politics of the first oil and natural gas boom of the 21st century, The Fracking Debate, Second edition offers a holistic understanding of the politics that characterize oil and natural gas operations, including why local governments are challenging their state’s preemptive authority, in order to initiate a larger conversation about improving intergovernmental relationships. Author Jonathan Fisk presents a novel argument about the ways in which local, state, regional, and national approaches to governance of shale gas development can work together to reduce conflict and forward the interests of the communities exposed to development, asking important questions such as: What state structures govern state-local relations? What state institutions impact and shape oil and gas production? What is the policymaking context in the state? What are the costs and benefits of hydraulic fracturing at the national, state, and local levels? How are risks and rewards distributed within states? What local policies have challenged the state, and why would local communities challenge the state? The result is a book that demonstrates that when stakeholders acknowledge their interdependencies and one another’s expertise, they create, design, and implement more responsive, strategic, and targeted public policies. The Fracking Debate, Second edition will be required reading for courses on oil and gas policy in the United States, environmental politics, and domestic energy politics, as well as a vital reference for practitioners and policymakers working in these fields.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Jonathan M. Fisk
Publisher: Routledge, 2017-08-07
Pages: 257
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781315318639
ISBN_10:1315318636
Subject: Political Science

The Fracking Debate

The Risks, Benefits, and Uncertainties of the Shale Revoluti...

$Over roughly the past decade, oil and gas production in the United States has surged dramatically—thanks largely to technological advances such as high-volume hydraulic fracturing, more commonly known as “fracking.” This rapid increase has generated widespread debate, with proponents touting economic and energy-security benefits and opponents highlighting the environmental and social risks of increased oil and gas production. Despite the heated debate, neither side has a monopoly on the facts. In this book, Daniel Raimi gives a balanced and accessible view of oil and gas development, clearly and thoroughly explaining the key issues surrounding the shale revolution. The Fracking Debate directly addresses the most common questions and concerns associated with fracking: What is fracking? Does fracking pollute the water supply? Will fracking make the United States energy independent? Does fracking cause earthquakes? How is fracking regulated? Is fracking good for the economy? Coupling a deep understanding of the scholarly research with lessons from his travels to every major U.S. oil- and gas-producing region, Raimi highlights stories of the people and communities affected by the shale revolution, for better and for worse. The Fracking Debate provides the evidence and context that have so frequently been missing from the national discussion of the future of oil and gas production, offering readers the tools to make sense of this critical issue.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Daniel Raimi
Publisher: Columbia University Press, 2017-12-26
Pages: 255
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780231545716
ISBN_10:0231545711
Subject: Business & Economics

Fracking Bad Guys

Narrative Character Affect in Public Opinion About Hydraulic...

$Recent growth in unconventional oil and gas development is controversial, fueling an ongoing U.S. policy debate. Central to these discussions is hydraulic fracturing, or 'fracking', a well-stimulation technique that has become synonymous with unconventional oil and gas extraction methods. This research applies Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to explore how culturally-nuanced narratives shape individuals' policy preferences toward fracking regulations. A census-balanced internet panel (n=1,145) is used to conduct a survey experiment where participants are randomly assigned to four groups and exposed to information regarding fracking practices. The control group receives only a baseline fact list (e.g., benefits and costs associated with fracking) while three treatment groups are exposed to one of three culturally distinct narratives (e.g., egalitarian narrative, hierarch narrative, and individualist narrative). The results of causal mediation analysis suggest that while there is no direct effect of the narrative treatments on the formation of individuals' fracking policy preferences, culturally nuanced narratives do influence the general public's attitudes on fracking policies indirectly through their effects on individuals' reactions towards villain characters presented in the narratives. These findings demonstrate a complex cognitive interplay between narrative communication and policy preference formation among the American public.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Chad Zanocco
2017
Pages: 43
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1305073784

Participation in Policy Processes

Voices in the Fight Over Fracking

$Policy matters because it affects everyone; because it affects everyone, we care about how policy is made. As policy scholars, we know a lot about the processes that influence policy outcomes, but there is a lot we have yet to learn about how people express their policy preferences, how people get access to policy debates, and how people work together to achieve their policy goals. These three ideas form the foundations of the three chapters of my dissertation. Because the way that policy is made can systematically advantage or disadvantage certain groups of people, this body of knowledge seeks to answer my driving question, which is, how does the way that we make policy both facilitate and impede environmental justice? Meaning, how do we ensure that all citizens are informed about and involved in decision-making, and provided equal protection from environmental hazards? If the people who are directly impacted by an activity are not being represented in relevant decision-making, or if the avenues to participation are systematically closed to specific groups of people (or if those people are not being effectively recruited into policy debates), then the policies that are passed will not represent their interests or viewpoints, which will perpetuate inequities in the distribution of environmental harm. This work, therefore, is a crucial step towards understanding how the way we make policy, facilitates and impedes environmental justice. The first chapter focuses on the strategic use of narrative to influence policy outcomes. Narratives are highly consequential in policy processes because they shape public perception of policy issues. The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) seeks to predict the extent to which narratives are strategically used to influence policy outcomes. Its core hypotheses center around a winning vs. losing dichotomy, in which winning and losing narratives employ distinct sets of strategies. Due to the newness of the theory, there are few empirical tests of its components, and their results are inconclusive. I posit that the winning-losing paradigm does not accurately predict narrative strategy use. To test this hypothesis, I examine a policy dilemma where contextually similar jurisdictions adopted multiple different policy solutions over a common time period. From 2008 to 2012, more than 260 New York municipalities passed policies related to hydraulic fracturing (fracking). I analyze editorial content from two local newspapers in central New York whose distribution covers municipalities that adopted anti- and pro-fracking policies. My findings reveal that narrators consistently use narrative strategies that correspond to the side of the issue they support, regardless of whether they are winning or losing the policy debate. This suggests the NPF's winning-losing dichotomy may not be not well suited to predicting narrative strategy use or policy outcomes. The second chapter examines the role of advocacy organizations in mobilizing people to participate in policy processes. Marginalized individuals are less likely to participate or have their interests represented in political processes than historically privileged individuals. Interest groups are considered the best means to address this gap, but there is little research on the role of interest groups in mobilizing people to directly participate in political processes, particularly in marginalized communities. This chapter tests hypotheses about organizational strategies used to mobilize individuals for political participation, based on a survey of interest groups that have promoted participation around unconventional oil and gas policies in California and Colorado. The results show that interest groups working in vulnerable communities do more direct advocacy (i.e., connecting residents to representatives) and use more personal communication methods (i.e., door-to-door canvassing) than interest groups working in historically privileged communities. However, organizational strategies in general are not well predicted by the target community's composition, suggesting that decisions around mobilization strategies are driven by other factors. The third chapter explores the role of collaboration in helping advocacy organizations to achieve their goals vis-à-vis passing preferred policies, increasing political participation (particularly among disadvantaged individuals), and enhancing organizational capacity. Collaborations help organizations achieve what they could not do on their own by leveraging resources to improve outcomes. However, a growing body of work suggests that collaborating may not be worth the tradeoff in lost autonomy. Drawing on the factors that predict collaborative success, I predict that collaborations will be perceived to be more helpful if an organization communicates more with their collaborators, has more heterogeneous collaborators, has a smaller budget, and has more staff and a larger percentage of female staff working on oil and gas. I tested these hypotheses using a survey of advocacy organizations in California and Colorado that worked to influence oil and gas policies. The results show that staff size is a significant predictor of how helpful collaboration is for achieving all three goals (passing preferred policies, enhancing organizational capacity and increasing political participation); number of collaborators is positively associated with enhancing organizational capacity and increasing political participation; and contact frequency is positively correlated with enhancing organizational capacity. Together, these findings indicate that organizational capacity and breadth of collaboration can be important determinants of whether or not collaborating is a worthwhile endeavor, but that more work is needed to elucidate the circumstances under which collaboration is beneficial.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Madeline Ilene Gottlieb
2019
Language: en
ISBN_10:1658414047
ISBN_13:9781658414043

The Politics of Meaning Struggles

Shale Gas Policy Under Pressure in France

$Working to demystify the enigmatic process behind enacting public policies, The Politics of Meaning Struggles uses the case of the 2011 prohibition of hydraulic fracturing by the French government to address the wider phenomenon of governmental shifts in policy decisions.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Zittoun, Philippe, Chailleux, Sébastien
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022-04-19
Pages: 256
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781802201734
ISBN_10:1802201734
Subject: Political Science

The Real Cost of Fracking

How America's Shale Gas Boom Is Threatening Our Families, Pe...

$A pharmacologist and a veterinarian pull back the curtain on the human and animal health effects of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking” Across the country, fracking—the extraction of natural gas by hydraulic fracturing—is being touted as the nation’s answer to energy independence and a fix for a flagging economy. Drilling companies assure us that the process is safe, politicians push through drilling legislation without a serious public-health debate, and those who speak out are marginalized, their silence purchased by gas companies and their warnings about the dangers of fracking stifled. The Real Cost of Fracking pulls back the curtain on how this toxic process endangers the environment and harms people, pets, and livestock. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Robert Oswald, a pharmacologist, combine their expertise to show how contamination at drilling sites translates into ill health and heartbreak for families and their animals. By giving voice to the people at ground zero of the fracking debate, the authors vividly illustrate the consequences of fracking and issue an urgent warning to all of us: fracking poses a dire threat to the air we breathe, the water we drink, and even our food supply. Bamberger and Oswald reveal the harrowing experiences of small farmers who have lost their animals, their livelihoods, and their peace of mind, and of rural families whose property values have plummeted as their towns have been invaded by drillers. At the same time, these stories give us hope, as people band together to help one another and courageously fight to reclaim their communities. The debate over fracking speaks to a core dilemma of contemporary life: we require energy to live with modern conveniences, but what degree of environmental degradation, health risks, and threats to our food supply are we willing to accept to obtain that energy? As these stories demonstrate, the stakes couldn’t be higher, and this is an issue that none of us can afford to ignore.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Michelle Bamberger, Robert Oswald
Publisher: Beacon Press, 2015-09-01
Pages: 248
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780807081419
ISBN_10:0807081418
Subject: Nature

Fracking the Debate

Frame Shifts and Boundary Work in Dutch Decision Making on S...

$The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from 'business as usual' to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Tamara Metze
2015
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1306954432

Responsible Shale Gas Production

Moral Outrage Vs. Cool Analysis

$The relatively sudden boom in shale gas production in the United States using hydraulic fracturing has provoked increasingly intense political conflict. The debate over fracking and shale gas production has become polarized very quickly, in part because of the size of the economic and environmental stakes. This polarized debate fits a familiar template in American environmental law, pitting “cool analysis” against “moral outrage.” Opponents of fracking have generally framed their arguments in moral or ethical terms, while systematic research is beginning to build a more careful and nuanced understanding of the risks associated with shale gas production (though the record is far from complete). All of which makes the question of how to produce shale gas “responsibly” - corporate social responsibility being the focus of this symposium - very difficult to answer. This essay argues that: (i) because shale gas production entails difficult to measure and unevenly distributed costs and benefits, there is no clear responsible (read: ethically preferable) set of limitations that we ought to impose on shale gas production; and (ii) moral outrage is obscuring (or influencing perceptions of) empirical facts in the shale gas policy debate. More specifically, well-established behavioral heuristics - particularly, confirmation biases and the cultural cognition of risk - are impeding the development of a common understanding of the empirical facts necessary to guide policymaking. Recognizing this, policymakers must resist political pressures and work that much harder to ground their decisions in empirically-demonstrated facts - namely, those produced by sources that are less susceptible to these heuristics and biases. Thus, information generated by rigorous, empirical analyses performed by academic or government sources ought to be credited over anecdotes or studies associated with industry or NGOs that have staked out a clear pro or con position in the fracking debate. Indeed, responsible fracking decisions ought to consider all of the consequences of permitting, regulating or banning shale gas production, including the relative risks of shale gas production compared with the relevant energy alternatives.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By David B. Spence
2015
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1376256781

Risk and Response in Fracturing Policy

$An oil and gas extraction technique called hydraulic fracturing (also called fracing, fracking, or hydrofracking) has swept the country and has raised the stakes of the energy policy debate. As operators drill thousands of new wells and inject water and chemicals down these wells in order to fracture underground shale and tight sandstone formations, concerned citizens' groups and the media have pointed to flaming tap water and have worried about chemical contamination; at the same time, industry representatives and many state regulators have sworn that the practice has never contaminated groundwater. The outpouring of attention to injection -- just one stage of a complex well development process -- threatens to distract from the core issues of “tight” oil and gas development, and to leave the most pressing concerns unaddressed. Through a comparison of regulation and of alleged violations of environmental and oil and gas laws at hydraulically fractured well sites, this Article illuminates the factors that must inform policy and regulatory changes that guide modern oil and gas development. The examples of violations so far suggest that the most pressing risks may predominantly arise not from the injection of chemicals and water underground but from other stages of the well development process introduced by fracturing, and from the higher rate of well drilling spurred by fracturing. This does not suggest that fracturing itself poses no risks. Rather, we must recognize the new risks introduced by several non-injection stages essential to the fracturing process, as well as the drilling enabled by fracturing, and we must shift our attention to the most problematic stages. Chemicals may spill when transported to well sites, and more and new types of wastes must be stored and disposed of, for example. Furthermore, methane may contaminate underground water sources during the drilling process preceding fracturing. If policymakers and regulators allow drilling and fracturing to continue at their current frenzied pace, it is imperative that they change course to recognize and respond to these core risks. The analysis in this Article offers an initial path forward.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Hannah Jacobs Wiseman
2014
Pages: 89
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1308957480

The Cognition of Controversy

Examining Policy Elites' Narrative Cognition and Communicati...

$The use of hydraulic fracturing (HF) technologies to extract oil and gas in the United States has sparked contentious policy debates, producing inconsistent and inefficient policies that have done little to address the impacts of HF in any comprehensive way. Debates are accompanied by competing policy narratives that position HF as either an environmental threat or an economic opportunity, but little is known about how policy narratives around HF are used by individuals. This dissertation systematically examines how individuals cognitively internalize elements of competing HF policy narratives. Organized into three empirical chapters, this dissertation analyzes narrative cognition (Jones, Shanahan, and McBeth 2014) around HF, providing a rare look at policy elites, those engaged in the energy policy subsystem with the resources and potential to influence HF policy development. The first empirical chapter applies structural topic modeling to examine how policy elites cognitively internalize elements of policy narratives, finding that elite assessment of the overall utility of HF correlates with aspects of the narrative elements used to think about HF. OLS regression analysis and Bayesian Posterior Simulation results indicate that socially constructed worldviews drive policy elites' narrative cognition in theoretically expected ways regardless of their overall perception of the utility of HF. Building on research that identifies political sophistication as fundamental to belief-driven attitudes (Michaud, Carlisle, and Smith 2009; Ripberger et al. 2012), the second empirical chapter compares cognition patterns of policy elites with members of the general public to examine the role of cognitive sophistication in elite narrative cognition. Empirical evidence supports theoretical expectations, indicating that worldviews have a stronger influence on narrative cognition for those with greater cognitive sophistication. The third empirical chapter builds on recent work by Lawlor and Crow (2018) to analyze how socially constructed risk frames support narrative cognition. Mediation analysis results indicate that socially constructed risk frames support the cognitive internalization of narrative elements and guide assessments of risk and benefit toward HF. Overall, the empirical and theoretical contributions of this dissertation deepen our understanding of policy narrative cognition and contribute to the development of several policy process theories including the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Narrative Policy Framework, and Cultural Theory. Each empirical chapter discusses relevant practical and methodological implications of the study.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Rachael M. Moyer
2019
Pages: 322
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1239321693
Subject: Hydraulic fracturing

The Global Impact of Unconventional Shale Gas Development

Economics, Policy, and Interdependence

$This book discusses the economic, political, and environmental issues surrounding the international exploration and exploitation of conventional and unconventional natural gas. Shale gas development in recent years has changed the energy discussion in the US as existing reserves of natural gas coupled with horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing make exploitation of these reserves economically feasible; the discussion is quickly becoming international in scope. The potential expansion of natural gas development impacts many regions of the globe and spans multiple perspectives. In a volatile international climate, one of intense geopolitical conflict between Russia and the West, economic slowdowns in Europe and China, military conflicts in the Middle East and northern Africa, and widening income disparity in the U.S., a relatively inexpensive and plentiful energy source like shale gas could play a key role in mitigating such conflicts. In an energy interdependent global community, however, multiple factors such as oil prices, differing rates of exploration, environmental concerns, strategic initiatives, institutional changes, legal and regulatory issues, and actions of the nations involved all have the potential to influence future outcomes. This book discusses each of these in turn, detailing the issues most prevalent in each geographical area. The first volume to provide a comprehensive global view of the impacts of shale gas development, this book fills a gap in the current research literature, providing vital information for the scholarly community and the public alike. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of economics, energy policy, public administration, and international relations as well as policy makers and residents of the regions that are experiencing shale gas development.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Yongsheng Wang, William E. Hefley
Publisher: Springer, 2016-07-15
Pages: 252
Language: en
ISBN_13:9783319316802
ISBN_10:331931680X
Subject: Political Science

Probing Narrative Cognition

How Do Policy Elites and the General Public Internalize Comp...

$The use of hydraulic fracturing (HF) technologies to extract oil and gas in the United States has sparked contentious policy debates. Constituting these debates, competing policy narratives position HF as either a threat to the environment or as an opportunity to realize economic gain. This paper examines how policy elites and the general public cognitively internalize competing HF policy narratives, comparing their cognitive patterns of semantic narrative elements. Based on original survey data, structural topic modeling (STM) is applied to extract latent topics from open-ended text responses and to unpack relationships between narrative cognition and theory-driven correlates including socially constructed worldviews, party identity, trust, and demographic characteristics. We find that worldviews guide the cognitive selection of narrative elements for both policy elites and members of the general public in similar but distinct ways. We then discuss how our findings contribute to the advancement of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) and our understanding of the policy process more generally, as well as highlight practical and methodological implications of the study.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Rachael Moyer
2020
Pages: 38
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1300234708

The Politics of Fracking

Regulatory Policy and Local Community Responses to Environme...

$Over the last decade, the oil and gas industry has garnered a lot of support from the United States federal and state governments in the name of energy independence and economic prosperity. More specifically, hydraulic fracturing or fracking is said to not only make the production of affordable energy possible but also reduce emissions of carbon dioxide by substituting coal with natural gas in the utility sector. Behind the façade of many socio-economic and political benefits, the process of fracking causes serious environmental concerns. Dismissing the negative externalities of fracking simply raises the question, to what extent have communities close to fracking sites been adversely impacted by it? In this book, Sarmistha R. Majumdar studies four communities close to fracking well sites in Texas to help illustrate to what extent fracking regulations have been developed in Texas and how effective these regulations have been in safeguarding the interests of individuals in local communities amidst the lure of economic gains from the extraction of oil and natural gas from shale formations. Majumdar has developed a model to show stage by stage community actions to regain their quality of life and the consequences of their actions, if any, on state and local regulations and ordinances, and the oil and gas industry. This book will be an important resource for scholars of environmental and natural resource politics and policy in the United States.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Publisher: Routledge, 2018-08-29
Pages: 218
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781134823505
ISBN_10:1134823509
Subject: Political Science

Fracking

Law and Policy

$"Fracking: Law and Policy is the first and only multipurpose deskbook, formbook, practice manual, and reference guide that addresses the law and public policy relating to hydraulic fracturing or 'fracking' in a comprehensive and meticulous examination of all scientific, legal, regulatory, economic, cultural, social, and policy perspectives"--Page preceding page i.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Mark S. Guralnick
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2016
Language: en
ISBN_10:1454867965
ISBN_13:9781454867968
Subject: Hydraulic fracturing

When Fracking Comes to Town

Governance, Planning, and Economic Impacts of the US Shale B...

$When Fracking Comes to Town traces the response of local communities to the shale gas revolution. Rather than cast communities as powerless to respond to oil and gas companies and their landmen, it shows that communities have adapted their local rules and regulations to meet the novel challenges accompanying unconventional gas extraction through fracking. The multidisciplinary perspectives of this volume's essays tie together insights from planners, legal scholars, political scientists, and economists. What emerges is a more nuanced perspective of shale gas development and its impacts on municipalities and residents. Unlike many political debates that cast fracking in black-and-white terms, this book's contributors embrace the complexity of local responses to fracking. States adapted legal institutions to meet the new challenges posed by this energy extraction process while under-resourced municipal officials and local planning offices found creative ways to alleviate pressure on local infrastructure and reduce harmful effects of fracking on the environment. The essays in When Fracking Comes to Town tell a story of community resilience with the rise and decline of shale gas production. Contributors: Ennio Piano, Ann M. Eisenberg, Pamela A. Mischen, Joseph T. Palka, Jr., Adelyn Hall, Carla Chifos, Teresa Córdova, Rebecca Matsco, Anna C. Osland, Carolyn G. Loh, Gavin Roberts, Sandeep Kumar Rangaraju, Frederick Tannery, Larry McCarthy, Erik R. Pages, Mark C. White, Martin Romitti, Nicholas G. McClure, Ion Simonides, Jeremy G. Weber, Max Harleman, Heidi Gorovitz Robertson$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Sabina E. Deitrick, Ilia Murtazashvili
Publisher: Cornell University Press, 2022-01-15
Pages: 317
Language: en
ISBN_13:9781501761003
ISBN_10:1501761005
Subject: Technology & Engineering

Decision-making and Hydraulic Fracturing

The Case of Local Policy Elites and the General Public in Ar...

$This dissertation examines the ways in which cultural value predispositions impact decision-making associated with hydraulic fracturing (fracking) among both local policy elites and the general public in Arkansas and Oregon. First, I examine the mediating role of (dis)trust in information provided by three groups associated with the fracking debate - the energy industry, environmental groups, and the government - in shaping benefit-risk perceptions associated with fracking, and compare this process between a sample of local policy elites and the general public in Arkansas and Oregon. Findings indicate that perceptions of trustworthiness are shaped by cultural value predispositions which, in turn, shape perceptions of benefits and risks associated with fracking. Further, this process is similar, yet distinct, between local policy elites and the general public, with trust - particularly distrust - playing a larger role in shaping benefit-risk perceptions for local policy elites as compared to the general public. I then further examine the origins of trust in sources of information, focusing on local policy elites. For this, I introduce the concept of perceived value congruence - the extent to which an individual believes their values are congruent with the values of those in their community - to examine how the perceived fit of values between an individual and those of their community impacts the relationship between cultural value predispositions and trust in two distinct contexts, Arkansas and Oregon. Broadly, findings indicate that both perceived value congruence and the context an individual is nested in affect the relationship between cultural value predispositions and trust in information provided by different sources. Finally, culturally nuanced narratives and knowledge (in)congruence - the degree to which an individual accurately assesses their knowledge levels of a given issue - are examined as moderators of the relationship between cultural value predispositions and fracking policy preferences. Results indicate that narratives impact the relationships between cultural value predispositions and policy preferences, but do not directly impact policy preferences. Further, cultural value predispositions impact fracking policy preferences differently for those overestimating their policy-relevant knowledge versus those underestimating their policy-relevant knowledge.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Clayton Creed Tumlison
2020
Pages: 344
Language: en
OTHER:OCLC:1260205221

The Fracking Debate

What is it really all about ?

$The search for cheap, plentiful and reliable energy has become one of the holy grails of modern industrial society. Since the Western technologically-advanced nations own supplies began to deplete from the 1970s those economies became increasingly dependent on foreign oil, especially from volatile (and potentially hostile) areas in the Middle East, and gas from the world’s major producer - Russia. The discovery of large deposits of shale oil and gas in North America and across other parts of the world has been a major game changer as it puts the control of energy back in the hands of the US and its European partners. These countries had been trying to develop alternative, renewable resources for many years without any real major breakthrough and these sources still only offer a very small percentage of the total (and growing) energy requirements. Shale gas and oil offers abundant supply within the geographical areas of US and Europe and self-sufficiency for, potentially, another century. But the method of extracting these resources – fracking – has become an area of major controversy, sparking one of the great political and economic debates of modern times. Shale gas and oil promises massive benefits to the US and other economies; but are the health and environmental risks just too great?$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Michael Marcovici
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand, 2013-12-17
Pages: 246
Language: en
ISBN_13:9783732268238
ISBN_10:3732268233
Subject: Nature

Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas

$This book addresses the need for deeper understanding of regulatory and policy regimes around the world in relation to the use of water for the production of ‘unconventional’ hydrocarbons, including shale gas, coal bed methane and tight oil, through hydraulic fracturing. Legal, policy, political and regulatory issues surrounding the use of water for hydraulic fracturing are present at every stage of operations. Operators and regulators must understand the legal, political and hydrological contexts of their surroundings, procure water for use in the fracturing and extraction processes, gain community cooperation or confront social resistance around water, collect flow back and produced water, and dispose of these wastewaters safely. By analysing and comparing different approaches to these issues from around the globe, this volume gleans insights into how policy, best practices and regulation may be developed to advance the interests of all stakeholders. While it is not always possible to easily transfer ‘good practice’ from one place to another, there is value in examining and understanding the components of different legal and regulatory regimes, as these may assist in the development of better regulatory law and policy for the rapidly growing unconventional energy sector. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach and includes chapters looking at water-energy nexus security in general, along with issue-focused and geographically-focused case studies written by scholars from around the world. Chapter topics, organized in conjunction with the stage of the shale gas production process upon which they touch, include the implications of hydraulic fracturing for agriculture, municipalities, and other stakeholders competing for water supplies; public opinion regarding use of water for hydraulic fracturing; potential conflicts between hydraulic fracturing and water as a human right; prevention of induced seismic activity, and the disposal or recycling of produced water. Several chapters also discuss implications of unconventional energy production for indigenous communities, particularly as regards sustainable water management. This volume will be of interest to scholars and students of energy and water, regulators and policymakers and operators interested in ensuring that they align with emergent best global practice.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Regina M. Buono, Elena López Gunn, Jennifer McKay, Chad Staddon
Publisher: Springer Nature, 2019-10-31
Pages: 418
Language: en
ISBN_13:9783030183424
ISBN_10:3030183424
Subject: Business & Economics

Fracking

$An in-depth report on the potential risks and rewards of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas detailing the latest reports, studies, facts and figures from around the world. Objective and non-partisan analysis of the arguments from all sides means readers can make up their own minds about the potential risks and purported rewards of the shale gas industry.Simple and concise Fracking: Risks & Rewards cuts through the legal, scientific, political and economic jargon to provide a comprehensive guide to the entire fracking controversy.$

جزئیات و درخواست

By Barbara Hadley
Publisher: eBook Partnership, 2015-08-11
Pages: 140
Language: en
ISBN_13:9780957559530
ISBN_10:0957559534

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ابتدا در قسمت جستجوی سایت، کلمه کلیدی مد نظر خود را وارد کنید، سپس فیلتر مد نظر خود را انتخاب کنید که در کدام مشخصه کتاب جستجو انجام شود. پس از انتخاب فیلتر مدنظر خود (نویسنده، ناشر، شناسه ISBN، موضوع و یاهمه قسمت ها دکمه جستجو را بزنید. در نتایج می توانید کتاب خارجی مد نظر خود را انتخاب کنید و سپس درخواست خود را برای خرید کتاب خارجی ثبت کنید.

جستجو و دانلود کتاب لاتین

برای دانلود کتاب های لاتین ابتدا کلمه کلیدی خود را داخل کادر جستجو وارد کنید و سپس زبان مربوطه را انتخاب کنید (انگلیسی، اسپانیایی، فرانسوی، آلمانی و ...) و در نهایت دکمه جستجو را بزنید. از نتایج جستجو کتاب لاتین مد نظر خود را انتخاب کنید و سپس درخواست آن را ثبت کنید. همکاران ما در کمتر چند ساعت درخواست شما را بررسی و قیمت گذاری می کنند.

خرید کتاب از آمازون

چاپ کتاب زبان اصلی

دانلود کتاب از آمازون

خرید کتاب از گوگل بوکز

خرید کتاب زبان اصلی

سایت خرید کتاب زبان اصلی

نحوه ثبت درخواست دانلود کتاب لاتین

پس از جستجو و یافتن کتاب و یا منابع لاتین، روی تصویر کتاب و یا دکمه درخواست کلیک کنید و سپس در صفحه ثبت درخواست، مشخصات کامل درخواست خود را بررسی و ایمیل و شماره تماس خود را وارد کنید. در نهایت همکاران ما هزینه و مدت زمان تهیه کتاب خارجی شما را بررسی و از طریق پیامک و ایمیل به شما اطلاع رسانی خواهند کرد. شما پس از پرداخت وجه روی لینک دانلود کتاب لاتین کلیک کنید و کتاب خود را دانلود و استفاده کنید.

کتاب زبان اصلی J.R.R

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خرید مانگا

خرید کتاب از گوگل بوکز

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دانلود رایگان کتاب از آمازون

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کتاب روانشناسی به انگلیسی

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کتاب خارجی

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