This work examines Czech Structuralism from the mid-nineteen twenties until 1948 (J. Mukařovský, R. Jakobson, F. Vodička, R. Wellek, etc.), the Polish so-called Integral School, lasting from about 1930 until 1945, (M. Kridl, K. Budzyk, F. Siedlicki, D. Hopensztand, S. Żółkiewski), as well as R. Ingarden's views on literary criticism, i.e. that system of literary theory which together with Russian Formalism was termed "Slavic Structuralism". The whole period is examined in developmental chronology. Despite this, the goal is not a history of science, but to throw light on the system of literary criticism which Slavic Structuralism has bequeathed to us and to show to what extent and how it can be of use to us.