Research on the practices and impacts of literacy has revolutionized the study of medieval history and culture. After initially having focused on investigating the modernising aspects of the development of literacy during the Middle Ages, the discussion now involves a large variety of topics, such as the performance of writing and reading, the use of the written word in political ritual and, on a general level, the ‘otherness’ of medieval communication. The volume presents essays dealing with a wide range of social and political uses of the written word during the Middle Ages, from the Carolingian era to late medieval Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Burgundy. It presents a panorama of the current state of the research and also offers new insights into the current conceptual debates about the history of communication in premodern Europe.