In recent years, our world has experienced a profound shift and progression in available computing and knowledge sharing innovations. These emerging advancements have developed at a rapid pace, disseminating into and affecting numerous aspects of contemporary society. This has created a pivotal need for an innovative compendium encompassing the latest trends, concepts, and issues surrounding this relevant discipline area. During the past 15 years, the Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology has become recognized as one of the landmark sources of the latest knowledge and discoveries in this discipline. The Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition is a commanding 10-volume set consisting of 705 completely new and original articles that impart a full range of applications and techniques, as well as critical perspectives on the impact of information science management and new technologies in modern settings. This authoritative content covers over 80 timely and trending categories, including but not limited to cloud computing, big data, educational technologies, management science, web technologies, and library science and administration, that spread across 11 major subject areas: Business, Computer Science, Education, Social Science, Library Science, Healthcare, Media and Communications, Security, Engineering, and Environmental Science. More than 1,100 experts from 74 unique countries contributed their specialized knowledge on these topics in order to challenge the academic community with some of the most timely and diverse research findings studied in the past few years. As with its predecessors, the fourth edition proves its convenience in an easy to navigate format. Two different tables of content are compiled at the beginning of each volume and each article is sorted into categories relevant to its topical coverage. Included within these articles are over 2,000 charts, graphs, tables, and formulae to be used as illustrative examples when applicable, as well as approximately 5,000 key terms and their concise definitions. An exhaustive list of references, as well as additional reading sections consisting of sources that complement the topical coverage within the article, are also provided for the benefit of scholars, students, and researchers looking to improve upon their own research. With each article submitted to a double-blind peer-review process, researchers are guaranteed accurate, original content to supplement their study. For professionals, researchers, academicians, and practitioners the pioneering content contained within this Encyclopedia is invaluable. With its discussion and presentation of potential opportunities, prospective solutions, and future directions in the field, it is a fundamental reference source for all those who wish to improve upon and further research in information science. It is an essential addition to libraries of every discipline, including academic, medical, corporate, and joint-use. Not only will this well-established publication benefit faculty and students, but it will also assist the entire academic community with staying abreast of the latest technology-driven changes. - 100% Original Content - Contains 705 new, peer-reviewed articles covering over 80 categories in 11 subject areas - Diverse Contributions - More than 1,100 experts from 74 unique countries contribute their specialized knowledge - Easy Navigation - Includes two tables of content and a comprehensive index in each volume for the user's convenience - Highly-Cited - Embraces a complete list of references and additional reading sections to allow for further research