Arthur Schopenhauer was the first Western thinker who incorporated thoughts of the Upanishads in his own philosophy. With the increasing interest in Schopenhauer serious work on the relationship between him and Indian philosophy becomes necessary. This book answers to this necessity, not only providing English-speaking scholarship with new insights into the connection between Schopenhauer and Indian systems of thought but also addressing the reasons why this relationship has recently been facing increased interest in both countries, Germany and India.