This dissertation presents a grammar sketch and detailed description of the segmental and prosodic phonology of Fataluku, a highly underdocumented Papuan language of island Southeast Asia. Fataluku is spoken by approximately 37000 individuals on the eastern end of the nation of East Timor, an independent island-nation in the southeastern part of the Indonesian archipelago. This work aims to contribute to the great need for documentation of understudied languages, with particular significance for prosodic theory and typology and the reconstruction of language history in island Southeast Asia. A complementary aim is to establish a robust linguistic base for the mother tongue literacy program currently being piloted by East Timor’s Ministry of Education.