Artiodactyls are diverse and successful hoofed mammals, represented by nearly two hundred living species of pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, deer, sheep, cattle, giraffes, and other even-toed ungulates. In the last five years, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted on this important order. The Evolution of Artiodactyls synthesizes this research into a single, comprehensive volume. Here Donald R. Prothero, Scott E. Foss, and a team of distinguished international experts explore evolutionary topics and trends among all living artiodactyl families as well as many that are extinct. They also discuss the molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls; phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls, and the earliest artiodactyls -- Diacodexidae, Dichobunidae, Homacodontidae, Leptochoeridae, and Raoellidae. A landmark reference, The Evolution of Artiodactyls belongs on the library shelf of every paleontologist, mammalogist, and evolutionary biologist. Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls : conflicts and resolution / Jonathan D. Marcot -- Phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls / Jonathan H. Geisler [and others] -- The earliest artiodactyls : Diacodexidae, Dichobunidae, Homacodontidae, Leptochoeridae, and Raoellidae / Jessica M. Theodor, Jörg Erfurt and Grégoire Métais -- Endemic European artiodactyls : Cebochoeridae, Choeropotamidae, Mixtotheriidae, Cainotheriidae, Anoplotheriidae, Xiphodontidae and Amphimerycidae / Jörg Erfurt and Grégoire Métais -- Family Helohyidae / Scott E. Foss -- Family Anthracotheriidae / Fabrice Lihoreau and Stéphane Ducrocq -- Family Hippopotamidae / Jean-Renaud Boisserie -- Family Entelodontidae / Scott E. Foss -- Superfamily Suoidea / John M. Harris and Liu Li-Ping -- Family Agriochoeridae / Joshua A. Ludtke -- Family Merycoidodontidae / Margaret Skeels Stevens and James Bowie Stevens -- Family Protoceratidae / Donald R. Prothero and Joshua A. Ludtke -- Family Camelidae / James G. Honey -- Basal ruminants / Grégoire Métais and Inessa Vislobokova -- Family Tragulidae / Gertrude E. Rössner -- Family Moschidae / Donald R. Prothero -- Family Antilocapridae / Edward Byrd Davis -- Family Palaeomerycidae / Donald R. Prothero and Matthew R. Liter -- Family Cervidae / Colin P. Groves -- Family Giraffidae / Nikos Solounias -- Family Bovidae / Nikos Solounias -- Artiodactyl paleoecology and evolutionary trends / Christine M. Janis.