This volume of the Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology characterizes pathologies resulting from traumatic brain and spinal cord injury as well as various neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases, viral infection, nervous system tumors, and neuropathies. Special attention is given to mechanisms and pathways of cell death in the brain. The contributors explore and comment on current treatment strategies including facilitating neuroprotection and regeneration and treatment using stem cells.