The Veiled Sceptre
Reserve Powers of Heads of State in Westminster Systems
Description:... Temporary loss of confidence -- Dismissal for lack of confidence when there has been no vote on the floor of the House -- Western Region of Nigeria -- Malaysia -- India - Uttar Pradesh and Goa -- Fiji -- Dismissal for failure to summon House when confidence is at issue -- India -- New Zealand -- Solomon Islands -- Tuvalu 2013 -- St Kitts -- Grounds for dismissal - Loss of support of own party -- New South Wales 1916 -- Queensland 1987 -- New Zealand 1984 -- Grounds for dismissal - Illegality or corruption -- Quebec 1891 -- British Columbia 1903 -- Manitoba 1915 -- New South Wales 1932 -- Tasmania 1947 -- British Columbia 1991 -- Grounds for dismissal - Breach of fundamental constitutional principle -- Quebec 1878 -- Rhodesia 1965 -- Grounds for dismissal - Failure to achieve supply -- Examples of the fall of governments involving the failure to secure supply -- Supply and dismissal of governments in Victoria -- The dismissal of the Australian Whitlam Government 1975 -- The grant of special warrants authorising expenditure -- Grounds for dismissal - The government is out of step with the people -- Obligation to warn before dismissing a government -- Reversal of a dismissal -- Nigeria - Western Region -- Malaysia - State of Sarawak -- Fiji -- Papua New Guinea -- 5 Dissolution -- Refusing or forcing a dissolution -- Constitutional principles and the refusal of dissolutions -- Responsible government -- Representative government -- Who may request a dissolution? -- The relationship between resignation, dissolution and dismissal -- Dissolution requested by a caretaker government -- Must a government resign if refused a dissolution? -- Express power to refuse a dissolution -- Implied power to refuse a dissolution -- The reserve power to refuse a dissolution in the United Kingdom prior to 2011 -- The Lascelles letter about the Sovereign's powers
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