Language Testing: Foundations, Approaches, Innovations, and Future Direction
Description:... Language testing plays a crucial role in assessing language proficiency in various fields, including education, employment, and immigration (Bachman & Palmer, 2010). These assessments serve as tools for evaluating an individual’s ability to use a language effectively, ensuring that they meet the necessary standards for communication in specific contexts. By providing measurable and reliable data, language testing informs decisions related to language instruction, curriculum design, and policymaking (McNamara, 2000)
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